Preheat the oven to 350 degrees. Spray 3 6" cake pans with non-stick spray and line the bottoms with parchment paper rounds.
In a medium bowl, whisk together the flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt, then set aside.
In a large bowl, cream the butter and sugar together with an electric mixer on high speed until it is light and fluffy, about 3-4 minutes.
Next, add in the eggs, egg yolks, and vanilla and mix on medium-high speed until pale in color, smooth and slightly fluffy, about 1-2 minutes.
Then add in the mashed banana and combine on low speed.
Add the dry ingredients and the buttermilk alternately to the butter mixture and mix on low then medium speed until combined and the batter is smooth.
Divide the batter evenly among the prepared cake pans.
Bake the cakes for 30-34 minutes, or until a cake tester/toothpick comes out clean from the centers.
Let the cakes cool in the pans for 2 minutes, then transfer them to a cooling rack to completely cool.